FAQs
(Frequently Asked Questions)

What is bonsai?

Bonsai is the reproduction of natural tree forms in miniature.  Literally, it means “tree in a pot”.  The Chinese actually originated the art of bonsai, although it is very popular worldwide now.  Novices usually mispronounce the word “bonsai”.  The correct pronunciation of the word is with a long “o” sound. 

 

Where should you keep bonsai?

Bonsai can be grown both outside and inside (tropicals).  Most bonsai are grown outside.  Outside bonsai are best displayed on a bench three to four feet high.   An ideal location is one that receives morning sun and afternoon shade. 

 

How old is the bonsai?

Usually the exact age is unknown unless the person keeps very careful records of when the plant is started from seed or cutting.  It is also difficult to say how old the tree is when it is collected or purchased.  Some young trees can be made to appear very old.  The age of the tree should be of secondary interest, however, to the health and beauty of the tree. 

 

Are bonsai a special type of plant or can any plant be made into a bonsai?

There is no special type of plant called a bonsai.  Bonsai are ordinary plants grown in a special way.  In fact, they do not need to be trees.  They can be any plant--including trees, shrubs, house plants or vines.  Certain types of plants are better suited to becoming bonsai than others.  Plants with small leaves and a good tolerance to pruning are most desirable.  Delicate plants and those with very large leaves are not good bonsai specimen.

 

How do you keep bonsai small in size?

Special practices are applied regularly to keep the plants small.  This includes regular pruning of the top growth and the roots, growing the plants in shallow containers and controlling the amount of water. 

 

Do you need to fertilize bonsai?

Yes, bonsai must receive regular applications of fertilizer throughout the growing season in order to remain healthy.  Since bonsai are grown is such a small amount of soil, the nutrients must be replenished often.  The amount of fertilizer must be controlled so that excessive growth is not promoted, but healthy growth is encouraged.  Water soluble fertilizers or slow release organic fertilizers both work well.

 

How do the plants survive in the small pots without getting “pot bound?”

Repotting must be performed periodically.  Eventually, the roots will become “pot bound” in the small, shallow containers and will cause the plant to die.  Before this happens, take the plant out and carefully trim off about half the root mass.  Then, replant the tree in the same container with new potting soil.  This way, the plant can continue growing new roots to promote good health.  As a general guideline, most deciduous trees require repotting every two to three years, while slower growing evergreens require it less frequently.  Do the repotting in late winter or early spring prior to the appearance of new growth. 

 

Do bonsai get diseases?

Since bonsai are miniature trees, they get the same diseases and insect problems as any other trees.  They can be treated with insecticides and fungicides as needed for these problems. 

 

How often do the trees require water?

More bonsai die from improper watering than from any other cause.  In the winter, if the tree is dormant, it is not necessary to water as often.  In all other seasons, many bonsai require daily watering.  Avoid watering during the heat of the day.  Water in the early morning or late afternoon instead.  There is no set rule for watering, as it depends on many variables:  weather conditions, sun exposure, composition of the growing medium, the species of plant, the general health of the plant and the size of the container.  The best technique is the “finger method”—simply feel the soil and water accordingly.  The soil should be evenly moist, but not soggy and not bone dry.

 

How do you start a bonsai?

You can start bonsai from seeds or cuttings.  You can also purchase them from nurseries/individuals or collect them from the wild.  

 

How do you know what to trim on the bonsai?

Trimming and pruning are very important to keep a bonsai miniature in size.  This is a very personal thing, as each individual has a unique image of how a tree or forest should look.  Be creative and please yourself so that your bonsai creates the effect you desire.  Most people try to emulate what they see in nature.  If you have an older, established bonsai, maintain the existing shape by pruning back most, but not all, of the new growth.  This way, the tree can still grow, but at a much slower rate. 

 

What is the purpose of the wire on the bonsai?

Copper or aluminum wire is wrapped around branches, or even the trunk, to manipulate the shape of the tree.  The wire is wrapped so that the limb or trunk can be safely moved to the desired position.  The wire is left in place long enough to achieve the desired position of the branch, yet not constrict the growth of the plant.  Be sure to cut it off before it constricts the limb or trunk as this will leave scars.  There is no set length of time, as it depends on the growth rate of the tree at the time of wiring.  Young, faster growing trees may need the wire removed in a month or so, yet older trees may be able to retain the wire for up to a year without scarring.  

 

What do you do with the bonsai in the winter?

Except for tropicals or subtropicals, winter dormancy is necessary for a bonsai’s general good health.  In this part of the country (Tennessee), winter protection can be provided by placing the trees in a protected flower bed, a cold frame or greenhouse, an unheated garage, a window well or an enclosed, unheated porch.  Periodically check the plants for moisture and water accordingly. 

 

Can bonsai be grown indoors?

Yes, tropicals or subtropicals can be grown indoors.  They cannot tolerate temperatures below forty degrees Fahrenheit, so their winter care is different from other bonsai.  When the temperature starts to drop below fifty degrees in the fall, move these bonsai to an indoor environment.  The ideal indoor location is a South facing window so the plant will get sufficient light.  Carefully check the soil moisture as plants tend to dry out rapidly inside due to the high heat and low humidity of the house in the winter.